據(jù)彭博新聞社2023年5月4日?qǐng)?bào)道，美國(guó)原油已經(jīng)對(duì)世界上最重要的石油基準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響，在其被納入衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后有效地設(shè)定了價(jià)格。

5月2日，源自西得克薩斯頁(yè)巖的WTI米德蘭原油加入了即期布倫特原油基準(zhǔn)，以改進(jìn)這個(gè)用于確定全球逾三分之二原油價(jià)格的指標(biāo)。到目前為止，這種整合被證明是成功的。

英國(guó)石油公司(bp)一直在《全球大宗商品洞察》運(yùn)營(yíng)的一個(gè)定價(jià)窗口上以較低的水平提供6月初的等級(jí)原油。由于構(gòu)成WTI基準(zhǔn)的其他5種等級(jí)原油的價(jià)格要高得多，因此WTI米德蘭原油實(shí)際上成為關(guān)鍵的價(jià)格制定者。

能源資訊機(jī)構(gòu)在回復(fù)有關(guān)問題的電子郵件中表示：“一旦將運(yùn)費(fèi)調(diào)整為離岸價(jià)格，報(bào)價(jià)就具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，并有助于在評(píng)估曲線的那段時(shí)間內(nèi)確定即期布倫特原油。”

WTI米德蘭原油被納入即期布倫特原油基準(zhǔn)——傳統(tǒng)上由北海布倫特原油、福蒂斯原油、奧塞伯格原油、埃科菲斯克原油和特羅爾原油組成的定價(jià)籃子——是該指標(biāo)幾十年來最重大的調(diào)整。但交易商沒有預(yù)料到得克薩斯原油會(huì)這么快就設(shè)定基準(zhǔn)，因?yàn)閃TI米德蘭原油的質(zhì)量與埃科菲斯克原油相似，但優(yōu)于通常的價(jià)格制定者福蒂斯原油。

能源資訊機(jī)構(gòu)周三評(píng)估，6月初美國(guó)原油每桶溢價(jià)約33美分。這比福蒂斯原油價(jià)格每桶低30美分。

自去年爆發(fā)地緣政治沖突以來，歐洲煉油廠增加了對(duì)美國(guó)原油的購(gòu)買，主要是WTI米德蘭原油。根據(jù)彭博新聞社匯編的油輪跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)，4月份從美國(guó)墨西哥灣到歐洲的原油日運(yùn)輸量有望達(dá)到170萬(wàn)桶，與3月份的記錄相當(dāng)。

過去兩天，貿(mào)易巨頭托克集團(tuán)、bp和法國(guó)道達(dá)爾能源公司已將大約7船每船裝載70萬(wàn)桶WTI米德蘭原油送入轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)鏈，這是該等級(jí)原油有史以來的首次出口。

轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)鏈允許持有遠(yuǎn)期合約的交易商向另一交易商出售一批實(shí)際原油，從而在北海的紙面市場(chǎng)和現(xiàn)貨市場(chǎng)之間建立聯(lián)系。據(jù)參與市場(chǎng)的交易商稱，美國(guó)原油被提名為即期原油，被視為其成功轉(zhuǎn)型為即期布倫特原油基準(zhǔn)的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)之一。

能源資訊機(jī)構(gòu)表示，這些轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)鏈貨物“由一系列參與者持有，反映出新的布倫特原油評(píng)估過程具有良好的流動(dòng)性”。 

李峻 編譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

原文如下：

U.S. crude sets world's most important oil benchmark for first time

U.S. oil is already having a profound impact on the world’s most important oil benchmark, effectively setting the price just after its inclusion in the measure.

WTI Midland — produced in the West Texas shales — joined the Dated Brent benchmark on Tuesday, in an effort to revamp a gauge that is used to set the price of more than two-thirds of the world’s crude. So far, that integration has proved successful.

bp Plc has been offering the grade for early June at a low level on a pricing window run by S&P Global Commodity Insights, better known by traders as the Agency. As prices of the five other grades that comprise the benchmark were much higher, WTI Midland has essentially served as the key price maker.

“once adjusted for freight to a free-on-board basis, offers were competitive and helped define Dated Brent over those days of the assessment curve,” the Agency said in an emailed response to questions.

WTI Midland’s inclusion in Dated Brent — a pricing basket traditionally made up of North Sea grades Brent, Forties, Oseberg, Ekofisk and Troll — is the most significant overhaul of the measure in decades. But traders hadn’t expected the Texas crude to set the benchmark so soon, as its quality is similar to Ekofisk, but better than Forties, the usual price maker.

European refineries have boosted their purchases of U.S. crudes, mostly WTI Midland, since the war last year. Shipments from the U.S. Gulf to Europe were poised to reach about 1.7 MMbpd in April, matching the record in March, according to tanker-tracking data compiled by Bloomberg.

Trading house Trafigura Group, as well as bp and TotalEnergies SE, have put seven cargoes of WTI Midland — each about 700,000 bbl — into forward chains over the past two days, the first time ever for the grade.

Chains allow a trader with forward contracts to sell a cargo of actual oil to another trader, providing a link between the North Sea’s paper and physical markets. The nomination of the U.S. grade into forward chains is regarded as one of the key indicators of the success of its transition into the Dated Brent benchmark, according to traders involved in the market.

These chained cargoes “have been kept by a range of participants, reflecting good liquidity in the new Brent assessment process,” the Agency said.