????通訊員 據3月2日CNBC報道，歐佩克+能源聯盟將通過視頻會議召開，以就如何管理市場供應達成共識。
????在本周的供應決定出臺之際，油價已反彈至疫情爆發前的水平，美國的生產受到嚴寒的打擊，加上疫情的危機繼續籠罩市場。
????分析師普遍預計，歐佩克+將在當前水平上提高產量，但究竟有多少以及哪些國家將受到影響仍是個問題。一些全球最具影響力的產油國將于周四召開一場關鍵會議，討論取消去年部分減產舉措。
????2020年歐佩克+同意限制石油產量，以提振油價，因為嚴格的公共衛生措施適逢前所未有的燃料需求沖擊。
????歐佩克事實上的領導人沙特阿拉伯公開鼓勵石油生產國在生產政策上保持“極其謹慎”的態度，警告該組織不要自滿，因為需要尋求應對仍然在全球范圍內蔓延的疫情危機。
????據報道，在上月的一次行業活動上，沙特能源部長阿卜杜勒阿齊茲·本·薩勒曼對那些試圖預測歐佩克+下一步行動的人說:“不要試圖預測不可預測的事情。”
????PVM石油協會(PVM Oil Associates)分析師Tamas Varga表示，他認為歐佩克和非歐佩克合作伙伴在重新平衡市場方面做了“驚人的工作”。然而，盡管全球石油需求正在復蘇，但他警告稱，復蘇仍“非常、非常脆弱”。
????值得關注的是俄羅斯和沙特阿拉伯。俄羅斯的盈虧平衡預算比沙特低得多，所以這兩個國家在觀點上存在差異，不過，沙特和俄羅斯都會“如愿以償”。
????2020年，歐佩克+最初同意創紀錄地將石油日產量削減970萬桶，隨后將減產幅度降低至770萬桶，最終從1月份開始將減產規模削減至720萬桶。自2月初至3月，歐佩克主要成員國沙特阿拉伯已自愿額外減產100萬桶。
????俄羅斯副總理亞歷山大 諾瓦克(Alexander Novak)暗示，莫斯科有意增加石油供應，稱市場已達到平衡。
????SEB首席大宗商品分析師Bjarne Schieldrop在一份研究報告中表示：“俄羅斯希望盡快恢復正常生產，而沙特希望在一段時間內享受高油價，并讓市場保持緊張狀態，而不是放松狀態。我們認為兩家公司都能得到自己想要的東西。”
????他補充稱，俄羅斯可能獲準進一步增產，而沙特阿拉伯將“部分或可能全部”恢復每日100萬桶的額外減產。
????沙特阿拉伯的聲明表明他們是持謹慎態度的。在新冠肺炎疫苗真正對全球經濟活動和石油需求產生作用之前，與其說市場會出現供過于求的情況，不如保持一點緊張情緒。因此，即將舉行的歐佩克+會議不太可能對4月份供應造成影響，因為總體結果很可能會讓市場出現供應略微短缺，而不是過剩。
????值得一提的是，歐佩克+還沒有準備好改變當前戰略。周二上午，國際基準布倫特原油期貨價格報每桶63.01美元，跌幅近1.1%，而美國西德克薩斯中質原油期貨價格報每桶60.02美元，跌幅超過1%。要知道，石油價格上月攀升至13個月高點。
????當前油價似乎延續了上周開始的跌勢，原因是市場預期歐佩克+可能會增加全球供應。
????Rystad Energy的分析師路易絲·迪克森(Louise Dickson)表示:“我們的預期是，按照他們在2020年12月宣布的政策協議，油價將會上漲。也就是說，日產量增幅不超過50萬桶。我們希望這項政策仍然有效。”歐佩克理論上可以增加130萬桶/天的產量，但我們認為這次不會過度調整。”
????迪克森強調“從市場角度看，俄羅斯將積聚動能，但我們沒有看到完全的轉變。去年，歐佩克+一直牢牢地掌握在沙特阿拉伯的控制之下，指導政策，做出決定，發號施令等等。而且在對市場和供應進行了一年的調查之后，我認為，歐佩克+不會因為一時沖動而改變路線，將布倫特原油價格維持在65美元/桶，或者讓石油市場日益趨緊。”
????分析師預計，歐佩克+將討論在周四允許至多每天130萬桶的原油重返市場。
????王佳晶 摘譯自 CNBC
????原文如下：
????Saudi and Russia are at loggerheads again, but OPEC meeting ‘unlikely to ruin the oil party’
????OPEC and its non-OPEC partners, an energy alliance sometimes referred to as OPEC+, will convene via videoconference in a bid to reach consensus over how to manage supply to the market.
????This week’s supply decision comes at a time when oil prices have rebounded to pre-virus levels, production in the U.S. has taken a hit from freezing storms and the coronavirus pandemic continues to cloud the outlook.
????Analysts broadly expect OPEC+ to hike output from current levels, but questions remain over how much exactly and which countries will be affected.
????A group of some of the world’s most powerful oil producers will hold a crucial meeting on Thursday to discuss reversing some of the output cuts it made last year.
????OPEC and its non-OPEC partners, an energy alliance sometimes referred to as OPEC+, will convene via videoconference in a bid to reach consensus over how to manage supply to the market.
????The group last year agreed to restrict the amount of oil it produces in an effort to prop up oil prices as strict public health measures coincided with an unprecedented fuel demand shock.
????This week’s supply decision comes at a time when oil prices have rebounded to pre-virus levels, production in the U.S. has taken a hit from freezing storms and the coronavirus pandemic continues to cloud the outlook.
????OPEC’s de facto leader Saudi Arabia has publicly encouraged allied partners to remain “extremely cautious” on production policy, warning the group against complacency as it seeks to navigate the ongoing Covid-19 crisis.
????Non-OPEC leader Russia, meanwhile, has indicated it wants to push ahead with a supply increase.
????Analysts broadly expect OPEC+ to hike output from current levels, but questions remain over how much exactly and which countries will be affected.
????At an industry event last month, Saudi Arabia’s Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman reportedly said to those trying to foresee the energy alliance’s next move: “Don’t try to predict the unpredictable.”
????Both Saudi and Russia ‘will get what they want’
????Tamas Varga, analyst at PVM Oil Associates, told CNBC via telephone that he believed OPEC and non-OPEC partners had done an “amazing job” in rebalancing the market.
????However, while the global oil demand is recovering, he warned that the recovery is still “very, very fragile.”
????“What really matters here is Russia and Saudi Arabia. The breakeven price for Russia’s budget is much lower than that of Saudi Arabia, so you will see a kind of gap in the views between these two countries,” Varga said.
????OPEC+ initially agreed to cut oil production by a record of 9.7 million barrels per day last year, before easing cuts to 7.7 million and eventually 7.2 million from January. OPEC kingpin Saudi Arabia has since taken on voluntary cuts of 1 million from the beginning of February through March.
????Alexander Novak, Russia’s deputy prime minister, appeared to signal Moscow’s intent for a supply increase last month, claiming the market has already balanced.
????“Russia wants to move back towards normal production as quickly as possible while Saudi Arabia wants to enjoy high prices a little while longer and rather keep the market on the tight side than the loose side. We think both will get what they want,” Bjarne Schieldrop, chief commodity analyst at SEB, said in a research note.
????Russia will likely be allowed to increase output further, he added, while Saudi Arabia will return “some or potentially all” of its 1 million barrels per day unilateral cut.
????Analysts expect OPEC+ to discuss allowing as much as 1.3 million barrels per day back into the market on Thursday.
????“Statements from Saudi Arabia indicates that they are on the cautious side. Rather to keep it a little tight a little too long than to run into an oversupply before Covid-19 vaccines have truly made their magic on global economic activity and oil demand,” Schieldrop said.
????“The upcoming OPEC+ meeting is thus unlikely to ruin the oil party with respect to April supply as the total outcome is likely going to leave the market slightly short rather than in surplus.”
????OPEC+ not yet ready to switch course
????International benchmark Brent crude futures traded at $63.01 a barrel on Tuesday morning, almost 1.1% lower, while U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures stood at $60.02, down more than 1%.
????Oil prices, having climbed to a 13-month peak last month, appeared to extend losses that began last week on expectations that OPEC+ may be set to increase global supply.
????“Our expectation is that they are going to rise in line with their previous policy deal which was announced in December of 2020. And that is to not increase production more than 500,000 barrels per day. We expect that policy to still be valid,” Louise Dickson, analyst at Rystad Energy, told CNBC via telephone.
????She added that OPEC could, in theory, increase production by 1.3 million barrels per day, but “we don’t think they are going to overshoot this time around.”
????“Russia will build up momentum in their market view, but we don’t see a complete switchover. For the last year, OPEC+ has been really firmly under the reins of Saudi Arabia, guiding the policy, making the calls, calling the shots, etc. And I don’t think that, after a year of such market and supply diligence, the group is ready to switch course just on a whim of $65 Brent or an increasingly tighter oil market,” she said.
